What is a Malocclusion?

A malocclusion is an incorrect relationship between the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw) or a general misalignment of the teeth.  Malocclusions are so common that most individuals experience one to some degree.  The poor alignment of the teeth is thought to be a result of genetic factors combined with poor oral habits or other factors in the early years.

Moderate malocclusion commonly requires treatment by an orthodontist.  Orthodontists are dentists who specialize in the treatment of malocclusions and other facial irregularities.

The following are three main classifications of malocclusion:

• Class I – The occlusion is typical, but there are spacing or overcrowding problems with the other teeth.
  
  
• Class II – The malocclusion is an overbite (the upper teeth are positioned further forward than the lower teeth).  This can be caused by the protrusion of anterior teeth and can be related to an underlying jaw issue.
  
  
• Class III – Prognathism (also known as “underbite”) is a malocclusion caused by the lower teeth being positioned further forward than the upper teeth.  An underbite usually occurs when the lower jaw is large or the upper jaw is short.

Reasons for treating a malocclusion

A severe malocclusion may lead to skeletal disharmony of the face.  Malocclusions can also cause excessive wear of the teeth.  In a more extreme case, the orthodontist may work in combination with a maxillofacial surgeon to reconstruct the jaw.